Bellman–Ford Algorithm

Bellman–Ford algorithm, also known as Bellman–Ford–Moore algorithm, is an algorithm that computes shortest paths from a single source vertex to all of the other vertices in a weighted digraph. It is slower than Dijkstra's algorithm for the same problem, but more versatile, as it is capable of handling graphs in which some of the edge weights are negative numbers.

									/*****Please include following header files*****/
// stdio.h
// stdlib.h
// limits.h
/***********************************************/

struct Edge
{
	int Source;
	int Destination;
	int Weight;
};

struct Graph
{
	int VerticesCount;
	int EdgesCount;
	struct Edge* edge;
};

static struct Graph* CreateGraph(int verticesCount, int edgesCount)
{
	struct Graph* graph = (struct Graph*)malloc(sizeof(struct Graph));
	graph->VerticesCount = verticesCount;
	graph->EdgesCount = edgesCount;
	graph->edge = (struct Edge*)malloc(graph->EdgesCount * sizeof(struct Edge));

	return graph;
}

static void Print(int distance[], int count)
{
	printf("Vertex   Distance from source\n");

	for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
		printf("%d\t %d\n", i, distance[i]);
}

static void BellmanFord(struct Graph* graph, int source)
{
	int verticesCount = graph->VerticesCount;
	int edgesCount = graph->EdgesCount;
	int* distance = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * verticesCount);

	for (int i = 0; i < verticesCount; i++)
		distance[i] = INT_MAX;

	distance[source] = 0;

	for (int i = 1; i <= verticesCount - 1; ++i)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < edgesCount; ++j)
		{
			int u = graph->edge[j].Source;
			int v = graph->edge[j].Destination;
			int weight = graph->edge[j].Weight;

			if (distance[u] != INT_MAX && distance[u] + weight < distance[v])
				distance[v] = distance[u] + weight;
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < edgesCount; ++i)
	{
		int u = graph->edge[i].Source;
		int v = graph->edge[i].Destination;
		int weight = graph->edge[i].Weight;

		if (distance[u] != INT_MAX && distance[u] + weight < distance[v])
			printf("Graph contains negative weight cycle.");
	}

	Print(distance, verticesCount);
}

Example

									int verticesCount = 5;
int edgesCount = 8;
struct Graph* graph = CreateGraph(verticesCount, edgesCount);

// Edge 0-1
graph->edge[0].Source = 0;
graph->edge[0].Destination = 1;
graph->edge[0].Weight = -1;

// Edge 0-2
graph->edge[1].Source = 0;
graph->edge[1].Destination = 2;
graph->edge[1].Weight = 4;

// Edge 1-2
graph->edge[2].Source = 1;
graph->edge[2].Destination = 2;
graph->edge[2].Weight = 3;

// Edge 1-3
graph->edge[3].Source = 1;
graph->edge[3].Destination = 3;
graph->edge[3].Weight = 2;

// Edge 1-4
graph->edge[4].Source = 1;
graph->edge[4].Destination = 4;
graph->edge[4].Weight = 2;

// Edge 3-2
graph->edge[5].Source = 3;
graph->edge[5].Destination = 2;
graph->edge[5].Weight = 5;

// Edge 3-1
graph->edge[6].Source = 3;
graph->edge[6].Destination = 1;
graph->edge[6].Weight = 1;

// Edge 4-3
graph->edge[7].Source = 4;
graph->edge[7].Destination = 3;
graph->edge[7].Weight = -3;

BellmanFord(graph, 0);

Output

									Vertex   Distance from source
0        0
1        -1
2        2
3        -2
4        1